Working with Graphics

Eliminating Flashing: Overriding the update() Method

To eliminate flashing, you must override the update() method. The reason lies in the way the AWT requests that a Component (such as an Applet, Canvas, or Frame) repaint itself.

The AWT requests a repaint by calling the Component's update() method. The default implementation of update() clears the Component's background before calling paint(). Because eliminating flashing requires that you eliminate all unnecessary drawing, your first step is always to override update() so that it clears the entire background only when necessary. When moving drawing code from the paint() method to update(), you might need to modify the drawing code so that it doesn't depend on the background being cleared.

Note: Even if your implementation of update() doesn't call paint(), you must still implement a paint() method. The reason: When an area that your Component displays is suddenly revealed after being hidden (behind another window, for example), the AWT calls paint() directly, without calling update(). An easy way to implement paint() is to simply have it call update().

Here is the code for a modified version of the previous example that implements update() to eliminate flashing. Here is the applet in action:

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Your browser can't run 1.0 Java applets. Here is a snapshot of what you'd see:

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Here's the new version of the paint() method, along with the new update() method. All of the drawing code that used to be in the paint() method is now in the update() method. Significant changes in the drawing code are in bold font.

public void paint(Graphics g) {
    update(g);
}

public void update(Graphics g) {
    Color bg = getBackground();
    Color fg = getForeground();

    ...//same as old paint() method until we draw the rectangle:
            if (fillSquare) {
                g.fillRect(x, y, w, h);
                fillSquare = false;
            } else {
                g.setColor(bg);
                g.fillRect(x, y, w, h);
                g.setColor(fg);
                fillSquare = true;
            } 
    ...//same as old paint() method
}

Note that since the background is no longer automatically cleared, the drawing code must now draw the non-black rectangles, as well as the black ones.

Clipping the Drawing Area

One technique you might be able to use in your update() method is clipping the area you draw. This doesn't work for the example applet on this page, since the entire drawing area changes with every frame. Clipping works well, though, when only a small part of the drawing area changes -- such as when the user drags an object across a background.

You perform clipping using the clipRect() method. An example of using clipRect() is in Improving the Appearance and Performance of Image Animation.

Working with Graphics